Thailand experienced a significant spike in COVID-19 infections during the first two days of June 2025, with 28,294 new cases reported. The Department of Disease Control documented 18,102 cases on 1 Jun and 10,192 cases on 2 Jun.
Among the new infections, 9,304 patients received outpatient treatment while 888 required hospitalisation for severe symptoms. The surge resulted in one death.
Thailand’s cumulative COVID-19 cases for 2025 reached 323,301 as of 27 May, with 69 deaths recorded throughout the year. The mortality rate remains at 0.106 per 100,000 people.
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Dr Taweesin Visanuyothin, director-general of the department of medical services, attributed the case increase to the early onset of the rainy season and school reopenings. He noted that influenza cases have risen simultaneously, creating diagnostic challenges due to similar symptoms.
The 69 deaths reported in 2025 primarily affected elderly individuals and those with underlying health conditions. Bangkok recorded the highest number of fatalities with 22 deaths, followed by Chonburi with eight deaths, Chanthaburi with seven deaths, and Chiang Mai with three deaths.
Between 25 May and 30 May, Thailand reported 65,880 new COVID-19 cases with three fatalities.
XEC Variant Dominates Thai Infections While NB.1.8.1 Spreads Regionally
The XEC variant currently circulates throughout Thailand, proving more contagious than previous strains while producing milder symptoms resembling influenza.
Dr Suthat Chottanapund, deputy director-general of the Department of Disease Control, confirmed the variant’s increased transmissibility corresponds with lower hospitalisation rates.
The World Health Organisation reported on 28 May that global SARS-CoV-2 activity has risen since February 2025, with test positivity rates reaching 11 per cent.
The NB.1.8.1 variant, designated as a variant under monitoring, has increased to 10.7 per cent of global sequences by mid-May 2025.
Singapore documented over 14,000 cases between 27 Apr and 3 May 2025. Malaysia averaged 600 weekly cases between 14 Apr and 10 May, accumulating over 11,000 cases from 1 Jan to 10 May 2025.
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Both Hong Kong and the United States reported case increases linked to the NB.1.8.1 variant. Indonesia’s Health Ministry issued public health advisories following regional case surges.
Prof Dr Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia noted that the NB.1.8.1 variant demonstrates high transmissibility without increased severity or hospitalisation risk. Current vaccines provide coverage against circulating strains.
The WHO observed that recent SARS-CoV-2 activity increases align with patterns from the same period in 2024, though clear seasonal patterns remain absent.
Medical Response and Treatment Protocols Updated for Current Outbreak
Thai health authorities established new treatment protocols distinguishing between risk groups. Dr Sakan Bunnag, deputy director-general of the department of medical services, explained that mild symptoms from flu, common colds, and COVID-19 require similar initial care approaches.
Non-high-risk individuals with mild symptoms can recover using over-the-counter treatments including fever reducers, cough medicine, and decongestants. High-risk groups including elderly individuals, children under one year old, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses require immediate medical attention.
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Patients should seek hospital care if symptoms worsen, particularly with fever exceeding 38.5 degrees Celsius, shortness of breath, fatigue, or blood oxygen levels below 95 per cent.
Remdesivir and Paxlovid remain the primary treatments for severe cases and high-risk patients. Hospital inquiries confirm these medications remain available directly from pharmaceutical companies without supply shortages.
The Government Pharmaceutical Organisation produces Molnupiravir for patients with moderate symptoms without lung complications, preventing medication shortages.
Thai authorities no longer recommend work cessation or self-quarantine for infected individuals. Sick leave decisions rest with doctor discretion, similar to other contagious diseases.
Mask-wearing remains essential during the first five days of illness, with recommendations extending three to five additional days. Frequent handwashing and avoiding large gatherings including meetings and shared meals are advised.
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Schools can continue operations even with multiple infected students, as school-age children generally face low severe symptom risks. Individual sick students should remain home without requiring classroom or school closures.
Former Health Ministry official Datuk Dr Zainal Ariffin Omar attributed rising cases to declining immunity from natural infection or immunisation, combined with reduced precautionary measure adherence.
The WHO advised member states to maintain monitoring and apply risk-based, integrated approaches to COVID-19 management as global surveillance capabilities remain limited.
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